Top 10 Scientists of India

Science has always been an integral part of our lives. India is always known for being scientifically advanced from ancient to contemporary times. We can find its evidence in our various historic Indian texts and manuscripts. Some Indian scientists have transformed the world with their inventions and made history.

Here is the list of the top 10 Indian Scientists of India along with their inventions and awards.

1. Jagadish Chandra Bose

Jagadish Chandra Bose was born on November 30, 1858, in Mymensingh, currently in Bangladesh.

Invention – “Crescograph”, in this research he stated that the plants are living entities by detecting very small motions within their tissues.

Awards & Honors

Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1903.
Companion of the Order of the Star of India in 1912.
Knight Bachelor (1917).
Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920.
President of the 14th session of the Indian Science Congress in 1927.
Member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences, 1928.
The Indian Botanic Garden was renamed the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden on 25 June 2009.

He died on 23rd November 1937 in Giridih, now in Jharkhand.

2. Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya

M Visvesvaraya was born on 15 September 1861 in Muddenahalli near Chikkaballapur. His birth anniversary is commemorated as Engineer’s Day every year.

Inventions

He invented the Block System – automated doors that were utilized in the conditions of overflow.

He is known for his contribution to harnessing water resources and for constructing and consolidating dams across the country.

Awards and Honors

Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1911.
Diwan of Mysore, in 1915
Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE)
Bharat Ratna in 1955

He died on 14th April 1962.

3. Prafulla Chandra Ray

Prafulla Chandra Ray was born on 2nd August 1861. He was an eminent educationist, industrialist, chemist, historian, and philanthropist. Known as the father of Indian Chemistry.

Inventions

He provided a thesis on ‘Conjugated Sulfate of Copper Magnesium Group: A Study of Isomorphs Mixtures and Molecular Combinations’.

He discovered “Mercurous Nitrite”.

He founded the Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals company.

Awards and Honors

Fellow of the Chemical Society (FCS) in 1902
Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1912
Knight Bachelor in 1919
Foundation Fellow of the National Institute of Sciences of India (FNI) in 1935
Fellow of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (FIAS) in 1943

He died on 16th June 1944 in Kolkata.

4. Shrinivasa Ramanujan

Shrinivasa Ramanujan, one of the most prominent mathematical geniuses of India was born on 22nd December 1887 in Tamil Nadu.

Inventions

With his incredible knowledge of Mathematics, he had contributed to numerous mathematical fields such as number theory, infinite series, complex analysis, and continued fractions.

He created an incredibly efficient method of measuring pi in the early 20th century which was later enforced into computer algorithms.

Awards and Honors

Fellow of the Royal Society in 1918
Fellow of Trinity College in 1918

He died on ‎26th April 1920.

5. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (CV Raman)

CV Raman was a notable scientist born in Tiruchirapalli on November 7, 1888.

His Invention – Scattering of light in 1930.

He discovered that –

“When light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called the Raman scattering and is the result of the Raman effect.”

Awards & Honors –

Fellow of the Royal Society In 1924,
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930,
Franklin Medal in 1941,
Bharat Ratna in 1954,
Lenin Peace Prize in 1957

He died due to natural causes on 21 November 1970.

6. Satyendra Nath Bose

He was born on 1st January 1894 in Kolkata. In the 1920s, he was knowns for his contribution to quantum mechanics.

Invention

Bose-Einstein condensate
Bose-Einstein statistics
Bose-Einstein distribution
Bose-Einstein correlations
Bose gas
Boson
Ideal Bose Equation of State
Photon gas

Awards and Honors

Padma Vibhushan in 1954
Fellow of the Royal Society
Appointed as the National Professor, the highest honor in the country for a scholar.

He took his last breath on 4th February 1974 in Calcutta, India.

7. Homi Jehangir Bhabha

Homi J. Bhabha was born on 30th October 1909 in Bombay. In 1948, he became the first chairperson of the atomic energy commission of India. He played a significant role to get India’s Nuclear Programme started that’s why he is known as the Father of the Indian Nuclear Program.

Invention

known for the Indian nuclear program,
Cascade process of Cosmic radiations point particles,
Bhabha Scattering Theoretical prediction of Muon.

Awards & Honors –

Fellow of the Royal Society in 1941.
Adams Prize in 1942.
Padma Bhushan in 1954.

He took his last breath on 24th January 1966 in an airplane crash near Mont Blanc.

8. Subrahmanyan Chandrashekhar

He was born on 19th October 1910 in Lahore, Punjab. He contributed to the field of Astrophysics, General Relativity, Fluid dynamics, and Radiation.

Inventions – His contribution in the following work-

Chandrasekhar limit
Chandrasekhar number
Chandrasekhar friction
Chandrasekhar–Kendall function
Chandrasekhar’s H-function
Emden–Chandrasekhar equation
Chandrasekhar–Page equations
Chandrasekhar tensor
Chandrasekhar virial equations
Batchelor–Chandrasekhar equation
Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit
Chandrasekhar’s white dwarf equation
Chandrasekhar polarization
Chandrasekhar’s X- and Y-function
Discrete Ordinates Method

Awards and Honors

FRS in 1944
Adams Prize in 1948
Royal Medal in 1962
National Medal of Science in 1966
Padma Vibhushan in 1968
Heineman Prize in 1974
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983
Copley Medal in 1984

He died on 21st August 1995 in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

9. Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Sarabhai, an Indian physicist, as well as an industrialist, was born on 12th August 1919 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

Invention

He played a significant role in India’s first satellite ‘Aryabhatta’.
He remarked that cosmic rays are a flow of energy particles with their source in outer space.
He was a physicist and astronomer who started space research and helped in the development of nuclear power in India.
He is known as the father of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

Awards and Honors

Padma Bhushan in 1966
Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972

He died on 30th December 1971 in Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

10. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

He was born on 15th October 1931 in Rameswaram, India. We all know him as a poet, teacher, leader, motivator, missile man, and many more names.

Inventions

Invented ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology, and earned the title of ‘Missile Man of India’.

Development and operationalization of “AGNI” and “PRITHVI” missiles.

Awards and Honors

Padma Bhushan in 1981
Padma Vibhushan in 1990
Bharat Ratna in 1997
Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1997
Veer Savarkar Award in 1998
SASTRA Ramanujan Prize in 2000
Von Braun Award in 2013
Institute of Directors, India in 1994 (Distinguished Fellow)
National Academy of Medical Sciences in 1995 (Honorary Fellow)
Honorary Doctorate of Science – the University of Wolverhampton, UK in 2007
King Charles II Medal – UK in 2007
IEEE Honorary Membership – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, USA in 2011
International von Kármán Wings Award – California Institute of Technology, USA in 2009
Hoover Medal – American Society of Mechanical Engineers, USA in 2009
Doctor of Engineering – the University of Waterloo, Canada in 2010
Honorary Doctor of Laws – Simon Fraser University, Canada in 2012
Honorary Doctor of Engineering – Nanyang Technological University, Singapore in 2008
Honorary Doctor of Science – University of Edinburgh, Scotland in 2014

He died on 27th July 2015 in Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

So, here is the list of the top 10 scientists of India and their inventions.

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed the top 10 scientists of India. Every scientist is known for his unique contribution. If you like reading such articles stay tuned for more interesting and useful articles.

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